Earnhardt Childress Racing uses its engine development philosophy to find half, one and two-horsepower gains for its … NASCAR technicians get to be a part of a beloved business* Minimal postsecondary educational requirements (Optional NASCAR technician program can be completed in 1-2 years)* Variety of job options (Under-car pit mechanic, race shop technician, front end mechanic, engine tuner)* Unique work environment on NASCAR racetracks* on the early tuner street racing culture of Los Angeles, since a liquid’s boiling point increases with its pressure. The video also explains that, during qualifying, teams tape their grilles completely shut to help maximize vehicle speed. I was curious to know if running these engine at higher temperatures yields any improvements in thermodynamic efficiency, and Dr. Randolph broke it down to me, saying that the answer is technically yes, but the higher temps actually reduce overall power due to increased intake temperatures: Yes, there is a slight efficiency advantage because heat loss to the fluids decreases. NASCAR 'future proofs' for hybrid power with Next Gen Cup Series cars The Next Gen cars will race in 2022, and hybrid engines could arrive in '23 or '24. This is good for aerodynamics, since oncoming air hitting tape flows over the car and can contribute to downforce, whereas air that has to enter a radiator grille bounces around an engine bay and adds what’s known as “cooling drag.”. They can’t be made from aluminum, … In pit stops, there’s also a temperature spike. It’s NASCAR’s version of instant replay minus the NFL’s red flag coaches’ challenges, notes George Grippo, the managing director of competition technology, timing and scoring at NASCAR Productions. NASCAR race car engines are designed to last one race (500 miles, in the case of the Daytona 500). As an example, he explained that cold water from the cool-down unit might flow around the cast iron block, while the aluminum pistons might still be somewhere close to the oil temperature at the end of a hot run—so, around 320 to 330 Fahrenheit. The new Chevrolet R07 is its first ever purpose-built engine, designed and developed by GM Racing specifically for NASCAR Nextel Cup competition. The gasket continues to seal because as the engine heats up and the block and head expand (head more than block because it is aluminum), the bolts effectively tighten. For next season, either the ducts will have to be moved outboard enough to miss the cowl or the intake air location will have to be moved.. A race car engine is no small investment. (A new engine for a new series is coming soon. Today, most real cars don't run around town using high fuel octane-eating V-8 engines. A major engine change occurred in 2012 with NASCAR's introduction of fuel injection technology. “The amount of cooling is set by number of square inches of grille opening,” the NASCAR engine expert told me. Fully assembled the 364 cubic inch engine weighs around 415 pounds and produces approximately 610hp and 500 ft-lbs of torque. Number of Race Cars6. Data from pit road feeds into 23 HP servers that … See our Privacy Policy and Third Party Partners to learn more about the use of data and your rights. The foundation of the NASCAR-Approved Spec Engine is a production GM LS2 block (6.0L / 4.000) with LS2 CNC ported heads. NASCAR Cup Series Chevrolet 5.8L V8 Engine. But the real good stuff is the talk about cooling systems. Introduced into NASCAR Cup racing in 2012, the engine design was based off the Ford FR9 carbureted platform, which entered NASCAR in 2009. “It’s so hot that you have to pull out of line and essentially give up your position to avoid having catastrophic incidents,” Randolph said. The team mechanics and engineers look for any way to provide an advantage, such as through tire pressure adjustments, driver hydration, car lubrication and pit stop strategies. Both the Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series use carburetors through into 2021, with no announced change to injection. See all 8 … It’s for this reason that, according to Randolph, engine damage that could yield premature engine failure later down the line often happens during use of this cool-down unit. Stephen Papadakis, the owner of Papadakis Racing and the subject of our story last year on the early tuner street racing culture of Los Angeles, also runs an excellent YouTube channel that provides all sorts of insights into race car technology. It’s in these two conditions, Randolph told me, that a NASCAR engine tends to experience its highest temperatures, but there are other times when the airflow-limited engine cooling system can be put to the test. On top of that, exhaust valve seats and spark plug seats can get so hot that they can yield pre-ignition. On average the build of a NASCAR engine costs 60,000-100,000 dollars. Most of these cars have one motor oil for the 500-mile race and one more for the qualifying to determine their position, These NASCAR vehicles carry a lot of oil in their reservoirs. “As long as you can maintain the water in liquid form,” Randolph told me, “you can do an okay job of cooling.” But boiling has to be avoided, as steam pockets that can cause major issues like cracking, melting, and distortion. NASCAR 'future proofs' for hybrid power with Next Gen Cup Series cars The Next Gen cars will race in 2022, and hybrid engines could arrive in '23 or '24. NASCAR, the sport of noise and nostalgia, is making its trickiest turn yet: Hybrid engines From the Prius to pit road. Sr. Tech Editor, Jalopnik. It’s not a perfect system, though, since the hot post-radiator air gets into the intake, which is located at the base of the windshield. Check back for details.) We use cookies and other technologies to customize your experience, perform analytics and deliver personalized advertising on our sites, apps and newsletters and across the Internet based on your interests. 3D Scan Tech4. Daytona and Talladega can be tough, particularly when cars are bunched up close to one another. However, there is also a power loss because the increased structural temperatures cause the intake air temperature to increase when it passes through the intake manifold and cylinder head ports. The NASCAR-Approved Spec Engine is an alternative for competitors in the ARCA Menards Series, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, and NASCAR Pinty’s Series. Relocating the air inlet location is a fairly significant undertaking given existing designs of the air cleaner, intake manifold, and underside of the hood. The vehicle behind another one might experience less drag, but that also means less airflow to the radiator, and if the car spends enough time in sitting on another car’s tail, that could cause issues. Lubrication becomes problematic as oil film thickness reduces with temperature and in fact the oil itself begins to dissociate above 350F (engines smell like sulfur when disassembled due to oil dissociation). NASCAR rules also limit teams to using the blocks, cylinders and intake manifolds from the castings of approved manufacturers. It might come as a surprise to you that in this age of highly advanced suspension and engine technology, that the major technological advancement in NASCAR vehicles is its motor oil. These bits of tape that can be strategically removed are called “tape pulls.”. The Next Gen should make NASCAR appealing to other manufacturers, particularly as hybrid technology is explored. Data from pit road feeds into 23 HP servers that … NASCAR delivered its 2020 Cup Series rulebook to teams on Tuesday, and the end result will be a very similar on-track product to 2019. Papadakis explains that NASCAR engines run at around 290 Fahrenheit, or around 90F higher than a standard road car engine. The new European data protection law requires us to inform you of the following before you use our website: We use cookies and other technologies to customize your experience, perform analytics and deliver personalized advertising on our sites, apps and newsletters and across the Internet based on your interests. NASCAR made a little video about this setup here: Papadakis also mentions that, even during a race, teams have tape on their grilles arranged in such a way that set areas can be removed to precisely allow additional flow to the radiator. As part of the Ford FR9 engine program, these engines are leased to seven teams and … This content is currently not available in your region. Always interested in hearing from engineers—email me. Initially NASCAR indicated that it would transition to fuel injection midway through the 2011 season but decided before that season to put off the change until 2012. A/C for Drivers3. It’s fascinating stuff, though clearly incredibly stressful for NASCAR engine designers who are constantly tasked to make do with less and less airflow. In essence, this means their cylinder banks are angled at 90 degrees, and they displace 358 cubic-inches, or 5.86 liters. The Next Gen should make NASCAR appealing to other manufacturers, particularly as hybrid technology is explored. In other words, the aluminum bolt column in the head expands more than the steel stud when heated, thereby causing fastener torque, and hence clamping load, to increase. The 15-week NASCAR Technology program, which can be added to your Automotive Technology program, provides hands-on training in the technician skills that race teams need. NASCAR Winston Cup Engine - Technology Transfer, Part III Cylinder Heads, Valvetrains, And Manifolds Are Key Engine Power Makers. Follow my instagram (@davidntracy). NASCAR Technical Institute is the exclusive educational provider for NASCAR and the only campus in the country to offer NASCAR-endorsed training. As of 2014, NASCAR mandated specifications include a carbureted V8 engine with a maximum 5.9-liter capacity (358 cubic inches). In this condition, cooling drag is minimized and there’s more downforce, however as you might expect, the engines also heat up quickly. To prevent the water (and yes, it’s literally water, not ethylene-glycol-based coolant like what’s likely in your car) from boiling at these high temperatures, teams run their engine cooling systems at elevated pressures (since a liquid’s boiling point increases with its pressure).. While the same version of an engine is typically used for an entire season, it is rebuilt after each race. Still, despite the cost and complexity, the setup can work well. Next Gen: Engine. Another significant byproduct of the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series allowing a spec engine materialized on Monday with the announcement that … Owner of far too many Jeeps (Including a Jeep Comanche). Competition officials announced rules changes Tuesday for the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series season, limiting the adjustments to a handful of procedural regulations intended to contain costs for … Decreasing air density with high temperature leads to reduced inducted mass and reduced power. For example, during a caution lap, when vehicles are driving slowly, engine temperatures rise due to a loss in airflow. ByMike MagdaJuly 23, 2013. Depending on deck height, the engine has the potential to exceed 600-plus cubic inches but still fit in nearly the same space as a small-block Chevy. Fuel injection in NASCAR was introduced in 2012, having previously been announced for 2011, which was the last season to see the premier NASCAR series use carburetion. Dr. Randolph explains: ...some of the hot radiator air exiting the hood ducts was subsequently ingested into the engine through the cowl. NASCAR delivered its 2020 Cup Series rulebook to teams on Tuesday, and the end result will be a very similar on-track product to 2019. But of course, this all adds cost. He’s the technical director at ECR Engines, which designs motors for the Richard Childress Racing team, and he’s talked with Jalopnik a number of times before; he knows his stuff. The NASCAR engines have extremely radical cam profiles, which open the intake valves much earlier and keep them open longer than street cars. Just to eke out a little more speed. (The All-Star race tends to be a testing ground for racing tech prior to its adoption). Lots of bad stuff. This 15-week elective trains you in everything from engines, fabrication, and welding, to aerodynamics and pit crew essentials. Bore roundness deteriorates, bolt clamping forces change (some increase, some decrease), chances of knock and/or preignition increase. In his latest video, “7 Things You Didn’t Know About NASCAR Cup Technology,” he gets into some hot, steamy NASCAR cooling system details: There’s a lot of good stuff in that relatively short video, including a look at NASCAR air conditioning systems and a peek at how special machines scan race cars’ exterior profiles. €5 every 4 weeks or just €50 €20 for the first year, €7 every 4 weeks or just €70 €30 for the first year. To help increase engine durability, Randolph says his teams uses special coatings, alloys, and sealing materials. “For drag reasons, [the aero folks] prefer to have no air go through the radiator,” he said. Next Gen: Engine. NASCAR could introduce hybrid-powered cars as early as 2022, NASCAR’s SVP for Racing Development John Probst told TechCrunch. “There’s this constant struggle that goes on between the engine community an the aero community,” he told me. The technology is critical since the NASCAR cars bodies and engines have to follow specific guidelines so that they are virtually the same. Chevy first began a relationship with NASCAR in 1955, with its V-8 powered engine still used in racing to this day. And the cooling system uses high-temperature o-rings and threaded connections in place of rubber hoses. V6 or V8, the car is also likely to feature hybrid technology. It is the standard build for all NASCAR engines. Sprint Cup engines, as of 2014, come from one of five manufacturers: Chevrolet's ECR Engines and Hendrick Motorsports, Ford's Roush-Yates Engines and Toyota's TRD and Triad Racing Technologies. You also agree to our Terms of Service. This is a reasonable price for the time, finances, and fine detailing put into the creation of NASCAR engines. “If we’re running 300, we will normally make a change to make that cooler,” he told me, telling me that 280F is a more reasonable steady state temperature. In NASCAR, the engines have to be made from iron blocks that are (nominally) production-based. In your car's engine, extra oil collects in what is essentially a bucket under the … Randolph says that his team’s engines use 100 PSI pressure relief valves, which bring the boiling point up to around 335 F, though he says engine temperature is usually lower than that, and is set not by a thermostat (since there isn’t one in these engines), but simply by the vehicle’s airflow. A V6 is rumored for the NASCAR Next Gen car. All of this is bad! Generation 6 car (2013–2021) That's why NASCAR itself seemed to be most excited about this car well beyond 2022. This reduces required airflow … Guys who build winning engines for F1, Indy, and Le Mans will look inside Chevy's latest NASCAR powerplant and see the very same hardware and technology … NASCAR single engine package “But ideally creating a single engine package as opposed to taking an engine and kind of choking the horsepower down, is something that I believe we will ultimately get to.”” Currently, NASCAR uses a tapered spacer to cut airflow to the engine. We rely on readers like you to uphold a free press. By clicking “I agree” below, you consent to the use by us and our third-party partners of cookies and data gathered from your use of our platforms. “It’s kind of a sickening sound when they hook it up to the cool-down unit,” Randolph told me, describing a loud cracking between the head and block as the gasket shears. In an email, he described how much stress those conditions put on engine components, saying: Components that suffer from high temperatures include rod bearings (oil more likely to cavitate as it gets hotter), pistons (aluminum softens as the average operating temperature increases), valve seats (seat wear/erosion proportional to operating temperature), and cylinder heads (life shortened due to aluminum softening). Today, most real cars don't run around town using high fuel octane-eating V-8 engines. Earnhardt-Childress Racing Engines (ECR) Technical Director Andrew Randolph gives a speech on the inner workings and engineering of a 2010 NASCAR engine. The intake and exhaust are tuned and tested to provide a boost at certain engine speeds. In a NASCAR race, the engine and accompanying expert dedicated to managing it cash in at 100,000 to 150,000 dollars per race. “For engine cooling reasons, obviously, we prefer to have a lot of air go through the radiator.” He did mention that there is a way to get the best of both worlds, and that’s called a ducted cooling module, which basically takes air that has flowed through the radiator and ducts it out through holes in the hood. The foundation of the NASCAR-Approved Spec Engine is a production GM LS2 block (6.0L / 4.000) with LS2 CNC ported heads. Randolph told me they’re usually narrow horizontal or vertical strips, which can be pulled off to achieve a given temperature reduction if the car gets too hot. The former GM Powertrain engineer also talked about the cool-down unit (there’s one shown above, made by Nitro Manufacturing), and how it can combine with the elevated engine temperatures to cause all sorts of trouble. Please enable cookies on your web browser in order to continue. So yes, the engine is slightly more efficient at making power, but it makes less power due to reduced mass flow. A V8 engine has 8 cylinder pistons, with its components arranged in a V-shape, hence the name. Lubrication System. It’s all fascinating stuff—so much so that I decided to give NASCAR engine designer Dr. Andy Randolph a call. This allows more air to be packed into the cylinders, especially at high speeds (see How Camshafts Work for more details). “The rapid changes in the various metals in the engines...the expansion and contraction,” he told me, contribute to “a lot of stress on the head gasket” and “on interfaces between journals and bearings.” He mentioned that aluminum pistons in cast iron bores can also be an area of concern. There can also be relative motion between the gasket and head or gasket and block without tearing the gasket. FR9 Carbureted Engine. Teams used this setup, which yields reduced drag but still high volumetric flow through the radiator, at the All-Star Cup series race at the Charlotte Motor Speedway earlier this month (see below), and Randolph said there’s been some discussion about adopting the tech for the 2020 season. See our, Read a limited number of articles each month, You consent to the use of cookies and tracking by us and third parties to provide you with personalized ads, Unlimited access to washingtonpost.com on any device, Unlimited access to all Washington Post apps, No on-site advertising or third-party ad tracking. The version which they use today however, has been highly refined over the years. Papadakis explains that NASCAR engines run at around 290 Fahrenheit, or around 90F higher than a standard road car engine. Correction: It is, of course, increased intake temperatures that yield reduced power, not reduced intake temperatures. It’s NASCAR’s version of instant replay minus the NFL’s red flag coaches’ challenges, notes George Grippo, the managing director of competition technology, timing and scoring at NASCAR Productions. Fuel flow decreases accordingly as the mass flow decreases (closed loop feedback maintains a constant air/fuel ratio).. Battery (and brake) power. At the NASCAR Cup Series level, teams are trying to get any extra horsepower they can. The Gen-6 car (current model), I hate to use the words antiquated technology but it’s old technology,” said Richard Johns, NASCAR program engineer with Ford Performance. CFE Racing Products developed a billet block with 4.6-inch bore centers and matching cylinder head based on its SBX profile. He told me about this in further detail via email, saying: The head gasket contains multiple layers which can shear [against] each other. V6 or V8, the car is also likely to feature hybrid technology. However, starting in 2018, NASCAR Cup teams were required to run engines multiple races. So after a few laps, to pull the heat out of the engines, teams hook their cars to an external “cool-down unit,” which flows ice water directly through the engine cooling system. Earnhardt-Childress Racing Engines (ECR) Technical Director Andrew Randolph gives a speech on the inner workings and engineering of a 2010 NASCAR engine. This huge temperature delta, and particularly the wildly different thermal contraction rates of mating components, puts various components at risk of scuffing or even seizing. Side Skirts/ Rockers7. Earnhardt Childress Racing uses its engine development philosophy to find half, one and two-horsepower gains for its Chevrolet R07.2 5.8L V8 engine. Sealing concerns are highest when the system is cold. The average car on the road today keeps its engine running at around 200 degrees Fahrenheit, but a NASCAR racing engine runs around 280. At the NASCAR Cup Series level, teams are trying to get any extra horsepower they can. That would open the door wide open for nearly every auto manufacture. That airflow can be altered via the tape pulls that Papadakis mentioned. A V6 is rumored for the NASCAR Next Gen car. Plus, there’s a fun fact about side skirts—namely that they are actually designed to be replaced, since they scrape against the track in an effort to optimize aero. As far as the current setup, which incentivizes cooling system compromises in favor of drag reduction, Randolph admits that it’s a “reliability issue,” and that it’s expensive to design an engine to handle those elevated temperatures and pressures. It says a lot about the current nature of the sport that the most successful new engine in American racing today is a 90-degree pushrod V-8. And this degraded combustion can significantly reduce engine life. Tracks over a mile, run the restricted engine package at 550hp. Our intake air temperatures were around 130F during the race which caused other engine durability concerns. That would open the door wide open for nearly every auto manufacture. The current limitations are designed to encourage the engine parity of vehicles, which generate an average of about 850 horsepower. This multi-billion dollar industry offers careers in engine building and testing, chassis building and modification, vinyl graphic design and application, and the production and installation of after-market accessories. The new R07 is to succeed the championship-winning SB2 (small block/2nd generation) engine that has been used by GM teams in NASCAR … I’m simply amazed these 358 cubic inch pushrod V-8s can spin at 9,000+ RPM, adding the fact that they are doing it at 290-300 degrees F is even more amazing. All of racing is a compromise. NASCAR Could Switch to Hybrid Power as Soon as 2022: Report NASCAR SVP for Racing Development John Probst says that the introduction of hybrid technology is … This reduces required airflow through the radiator and allows teams to tape larger sections of their grilles shut. Here’s the engine causing the commotion. By clicking “I agree” below, you consent to the use by us and our third-party partners of cookies and data gathered from your use of our platforms. The High Performance Motorsports Technology field is a highly specialized job market with exciting job opportunities. Of course, the engine doesn’t always run at its ideal temperature. 1. Here’s the reasoning behind this, why teams run ice-water through their engines, and more fascinating facts about NASCAR engine cooling systems. That's why NASCAR itself seemed to be most excited about this car well beyond 2022. Cool Down Unit5. High Engine Temperatures2.
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