... Bostrom … Such hazards are often subtler than direct physical threats, and, as a consequence, are easily overlooked. We also work on biotechnology (both for its human enhancement applications and because of biosecurity concerns), nanotechnology, surveillance technology, and a bunch of other potential developments that could alter fundamental parameters of the human condition. ", Response to 2011 Edge Question: "What scientific concept would improve everybody's cognitive toolkit? Recounts the Tale of a most vicious Dragon that ate thousands of people every day, and of the actions that the King, the People, and an assembly of Dragonologists took with respect thereto. To combat this problem, we propose a principle of conformity. Cognitive enhancement comes in many diverse forms. On the bank at the end Bostroms wiskundige ontwikkeling laat zien dat het kiezen van een te brede of te smalle referentieklase tot contra-intuïtieve resultaten leidt; hij is echter niet in staat om een perfecte keuze voor te schrijven. My research seeks to contribute to this by answering particular sub-questions or by developing conceptual tools that help us think about such questions more clearly. If you need to contact me directly (I regret I am not always able to respond to emails): Email hidden by javascript, enable to view. the fact that cars in the other lane seem to be getting ahead faster than you? In the eternal night of could-have-been. In cases where several altruistic agents each have an opportunity to undertake some initiative, a phenomenon arises that is analogous to the winner's curse in auction theory. By now, it has emerged as a bona fide research field, with people writing code and equations and making incremental progress. There is a “why” beyond mere curiosity behind my interest in these questions, namely the hope that insight here may produce good effects. How do we know if we are headed in the right direction? If humanity goes extinct, it stays extinct. Transhumanism: The World's Most Dangerous Idea? For instance, if the world is vulnerable in some way, it may or may not be desirable to describe the precise way it is so. For more background, see profiles in e.g. 37, No. They can, however, be important. The point, of course, is not to welter in doom and gloom but to better understand where the biggest dangers are so that we can develop strategies for reducing them. I have also originated or contributed to the development of ideas such as the simulation argument, existential risk, transhumanism, information hazards, superintelligence strategy, astronomical waste, crucial considerations, observation selection effects in cosmology and other contexts of self-locating belief, anthropic shadow, the unilateralist’s curse, the parliamentary model of decision-making under normative uncertainty, the notion of a singleton, the vulnerable world hypothesis, along with a number of analyses of future technological capabilities and concomitant ethical issues, risks, and opportunities. But transhumanism has emerged gradually as a distinctive outlook, with no one person being responsible for its present shape. Aan de oppervlakte is Bostroms simulatie-hypothese een voorbeeld van een sceptische hypothese, een voorstel met betrekking tot de aard van de werkelijkheid, dat naar voren wordt gebracht om overtuigingen te bevragen. It has applications in technology policy and many other areas. Les transhumanistes considèrent certains aspects de la condition humaine tels que le handicap, la souffrance, la maladie, le vieillissement ou la mort comme indésirables. An analysis of the global desirability of different forms of openness (including source code, science, data, safety techniques, capabilities, and goals). This would enable iterated embryo selection (IES), compressing the effective generation time in a selection program from decades to months. ", Response to 2009 Edge Question: "What will change everything? Some one hundred people collaborated with me in creating this text. If we enhance ourselves using technology, however, we can go out there and realize these values. Bostrom is in het bezit van een PhD van de London School of Economics (2000). 15-minute interview about status quo bias in bioethics, and the "reversal test" by which such bias might be cured. In response to the call for evidence for the UK government's 2020 Integrated Review. For example, a few years ago, AI alignment fell into this category: hardly anybody thought it was important, and it seemed like the kind of thing a science fiction author might write novels about but that there was no way to study scientifically. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. Here's one account of how it happened. Nick Bostrom (geboren als Niklas Boström) (Helsingborg, 10 maart 1973) is een Zweeds filosoof die verbonden is aan de Universiteit van Oxford. Bostrom heeft echter betoogd dat dit niet het geval is en dat er empirische redenen zijn waarom de 'simulatiehypothese' geldig zou zijn. [2][3] Hij is een criticus van bio-conservatieve opvattingen. Hij werd in 2009 genoemd in de toplijst van het tijdschrift, Foreign Policy van wereldwijde denkers als erkenning voor het "niet accepteren van grenzen aan het menselijk potentieel"[6], Bostrom is ingegaan op de filosofische vraag van de lange termijn overleving van de mensheid. Information hazards are risks that arise from the dissemination or the potential dissemination of true information that may cause harm or enable some agent to cause harm. Drugs can be used to treat more than disease. Hij is een criticus van bio-conservatieve opvattingen. Rafts to carry us across Bostrom and British philosopher David Pearce founded the World Transhumanist Association in 1998 as a nonprofit organization dedicated to working with those social institutions to promote and guide the development of human-enhancement technologies and to combat those social forces seemingly dedicated to halting such technological progress. Nick Bostrom & Julian Savulescu (Oxford University Press, 2009)] Enhancement Ethics: The State of the Debate. Original essays by various prominent moral philosophers on the ethics of human enhancement. The embryo selection during IVF can be vastly potentiated when the technology for stem-cell derived gametes becomes available for use in humans. It also discusses some implications for cosmology, evolutionary biology, game theory, the foundations of quantum mechanics, the Doomsday argument, the Sleeping Beauty problem, the search for extraterrestrial life, the question of whether God exists, and traffic planning. Wonderful ways of being may be located in the "posthuman realm", but we can't reach them. A vision of the future from the future. On anthropic selection theory and the simulation argument. The FHI works closely with the effective altruism community (e.g., we share office space with the Centre for Effective Altruism) as well as with AI leaders, philanthropic foundations, and other policymakers, scientists, and organizations to ensure that our research has impact. The Doomsday argument purports to prove, from basic probability theory and a few seemingly innocuous empirical premises, that the risk that our species will go extinct soon is much greater than previously thought. Zijn werk is in meer dan 20 talen vertaald. A long-form feature profile of me, by Raffi Khatchadourian. ", Strategic Implications of Openness in AI Development, Public Policy and Superintelligent AI: A Vector Field Approach, Hail Mary, Value Porosity, and Utility Diversification, The Unilateralist's Curse: The Case for a Principle of Conformity, The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics, Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development, Enhancement Ethics: The State of the Debate, Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective, Ethical Issues In Advanced Artificial Intelligence, Smart Policy: Cognitive Enhancement and the Public Interest, Recent Developments in the Ethics, Science, and Politics of Life-Extension, Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up, Where Are They? In fact, I believe it is likely that we are overlooking one or more crucial considerations: ideas or arguments that might plausibly reveal the need for not just some minor course adjustment in our endeavours but a major change of direction or priority. Given some assumptions, aggregative ethics implies that such a world contains an infinite amount of positive value and an infinite amount of negative value. We explore a variety of potential cures, and discover that none works perfectly and all have serious side-effects. Existential risks are ways in which we could screw up badly and permanently. On the Doomsday argument and related paradoxes. Mise en garde médicale modifier - modifier le code - voir Wikidata (aide) L' orchite (ˌɔˑʁˈkiːˌt) (du latin orchitis , lui-même issu du grec ὄρχις, testicule), est une inflammation chronique ou aiguë des testicules , qui font partie de l' appareil génital masculin des mammifères. The human desire to acquire new capacities, to extend life and overcome obstacles to happiness is as ancient as the species itself. This paper sketches a transhumanist axiology. Current cosmological theories say that the world is so big that all possible observations are in fact made. An advanced Introduction to observation selection theory and its application to the cosmological fine-tuning problem. On what we can become Bostrom staat positief ten opzichte van 'human enhancement" of "zelf-verbetering en menselijke vervolmaking door middel van de ethische toepassing van de natuurwetenschappen". One might be tempted to account for this by invoking Murphy's Law ("If anything can go wrong, it will", discovered by Edward A. Murphy, Jr, in 1949). We present a heuristic for correcting for one kind of bias (status quo bias), which we suggest affects many of our judgments about the consequences of modifying human nature. According to Francis Fukuyama, yes. Bostrom staat positief ten opzichte van 'human enhancement" of "zelf-verbetering en menselijke vervolmaking door middel van de ethische toepassing van de natuurwetenschappen". Summarizing some of the key issues and offering policy recommendations for a "smart policy" on biomedical methods of enhancing cognitive performance. A key part of the challenge is often to notice that a problem even exists – to find it, formulate it, and then make enough initial progress in understanding it to let us break it into more tractable components and research tasks. ... Bostrom. Altering an individual identity affects their personal story, development and mental capabilities. For administrative matters, scheduling, speaking engagements, etc., please contact my assistant: Email hidden by javascript, enable to view, FHI is always looking for top talent. Of what was there before us Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 18 jan 2021 om 20:41. [10] In deze conceptie moet elk waarnemer-moment worden geanalyseerd alsof het uit een willekeurige steekproef afkomstig is. This paper argues that at least one of the following propositions is true: (1) the human species is very likely to go extinct before reaching the posthuman stage; (2) any posthuman civilization is extremely unlikely to run significant number of simulations or (variations) of their evolutionary history; (3) we are almost certainly living in a computer simulation. Machine intelligence, in particular, is a big focus. [7] Hij definieert een existentieel risico als één waarin een "negatieve uitkomst ofwel het van aarde afkomstige intelligente leven vernietigt ofwel haar potentieel permanent en drastisch inperkt." Nick Bostrom is a Swedish-born philosopher and polymath with a background in theoretical physics, computational neuroscience, logic, and artificial intelligence, as well as philosophy. Bostrom stelt dat ten minste een van de onderstaande uitspraken zeer waarschijnlijk juist is: De onderstaande vergelijking wordt gebruikt om deze drie stellingen te kwantificeren:[11]. What could count as negative evidence? Nick Bostrom He is the author of some 200 publications, including Anthropic Bias, Global Catastrophic Risks, Human Enhancement, and, most recently, the book … [4] Hij heeft een omkeringstest voorgesteld om zo de status quo in bio-ethische discussies over human enhancement te doorbreken. The revised version 2.1. Short letter to the editor on obstacles to the development of better cognitive enhancement drugs. Review of Kwame Anthony Appiah's book "Experiments in Ethics". Paper is somewhat obscure. Director, Future of Humanity Institute. We risk underestimating the risk of catastrophe types that lie in this shadow. We really have very little clue which of the actions available to present-day agents would increase or decrease the expected value of the long-term future, let alone which ones would do so the most effectively. The Sleeping Beauty problem is an important test stone for theories about self-locating belief. Als zodanig bestaat er een lange geschiedenis van de onderliggende stelling dat de realiteit van een illusie is. Such systems can be difficult to enhance. His writings have been translated into 28 languages, and there have been more than 100 translations and reprints of his works. The document represents an effort to develop a broadly based consensus articulation of the basics of responsible transhumanism. Geen beschaving, die de bovengenoemde technologische status zal bereiken, zal een aanzienlijk aantal gesimuleerde realiteiten in gang zetten; dit om een aantal mogelijke redenen, zoals het prioriteren van computationele rekenkracht voor andere taken, ethische overwegingen aangaande het "gevangen houden" van zelfbewuste entiteiten in gesimuleerde realiteiten, enz. Does human enhancement threaten our dignity as some have asserted? This paper discusses some of the ethical and policy issues raised by anticipated technological revolutions, such as nanotechnology. In terms of directing our efforts as a civilization, it would seem useful to have some notion of which direction is “up” and which is “down”—what we should promote and what we should discourage. The Game of Life—And Looking for Generators. Somatic gene and cell therapies are widely seen as morally acceptable. 72 The cumulative probability of extinction increases monotonically over time. Brief History of the Human Genome Project. Discussion on the simulation argument with Lex Fridman. Hij spreekt dan over aan transhumanisme-gerelateerde onderwerpen, zoals klonen, kunstmatige intelligentie, superintelligentie, geestverhuizing, cryonisme, nanotechnologie en het simulatie-argument. If you're interested, please see: https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/vacancies/.
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