The TIP Report urges governments to come to the table to fight this global crime. Julia F. Anderson As a 17-year-old orphan living on the streets of Ho Chi Minh City, Huy sold lottery tickets and slept outdoors in unsanitary conditions. Kendra L. Kreider As of April 15, PKO funding was obligated for the following activities: logistical support for counterterrorism operations, counter-improvised explosive device training, and military intelligence equipment. Section 3 provides a list of waivers or exceptions exercised under the CSPA. Stabiņa also secured the Latvian government’s support for national and regional public awareness campaigns. A copy of the Memorandum of Justification provided to Congress with the waiver determination is available online at the TIP Office’s website. Ho provides trainings and seminars to the legal community in Hong Kong on ways to protect trafficking victims. These reports contain basic information such as how and where to make FOIA requests, program costs, and processing statistics. Kyrgyz Republic Section 5 provides a description and the amounts of assistance provided to countries pursuant to such waivers. For players offered a position on a team, the traffickers posing as agents have already established a relationship with the athlete and are well-positioned to control the course of the athlete’s career. Francesca J. Tadle Canada Kosovo To maintain a Tier 1 ranking, governments need to demonstrate appreciable progress each year in combating trafficking. In 2014, Pope Francis joined with 11 other religious leaders representing the Muslim, Jewish, Orthodox, Anglican, Buddhist, and Hindu faiths to commit to work together and within their respective communities to inspire spiritual and practical action to help eradicate human trafficking worldwide. Certainly, more work remains in the areas of global research, education, and the willingness to create policies that reduce stigma and protect vulnerable populations. This report arms governments with the data they need to increase the prosecution of traffickers, provide victim-centered and trauma-informed protection for victims of trafficking, and prevent this crime altogether. Reda Shoukr has dedicated her career to improving the lives of human trafficking survivors. Ethiopia the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. As professional sports leagues have become increasingly globalized, multilateral and regional bodies have started incorporating protection of athletes in sports integrity and anticorruption initiatives; however, government and industry efforts to regulate an expanding web of migration and recruitment routes have proven insufficient. She found innovative funding sources for anti-trafficking work in Latvia, allowing such work to continue even under severe budget constraints. Even after becoming more established, athletes may feel it is too risky to challenge the terms of a contract or seek other representation out of fear their situation would cause shame, ruin their reputation, or jeopardize their future. Cote d’Ivoire In addition, societal stigma and self-stigma may deter an individual from seeking help. In 2018, T’ruah was the first Jewish organization to join the Alliance to End Slavery and Trafficking. Bosnia and Herzegovina Malta Page 17: Paula Bronstein Page v: Smita Sharma Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. While at HAART, she was responsible for assisting more than 400 victims of trafficking since 2014 and helped identify victims both within and outside of Kenya. 2370c-2(c) and (d)), 2019 (will enter into force on 12 Sep 2020), 2019 (will enter into force on 10 Sep 2020), 2019 (will enter into force on 17 June 2020), 2019 (will enter into force on 01 Nov 2020), 2019 (will enter into force 03 June 2020), 2019 (will enter into force on 19 June 2020), 2020 (will enter into force on 05 Mar 2021), 2019 (will enter into force on 11 June 2020), 2019 (will go into force on 11 June 2020), 2019 (will enter into force on 03 June 2020), 2020 (will enter into force on 24 Jan 2021), 2019 (will enter into force on 16 Sep 2020), 2019 (will enter into force on 22 May 2020), Total Number of Peacekeeping and Support Personnel, “Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse” (SEA) (2003), “Code of Conduct for Staff and Mission Members”, “NATO Policy on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings” (2004 and 2007); NATO Policy on Preventing and Responding to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (2019), Lead Office Responsible for Implementation, Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance, Office of Human Resources, Special Representative and Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, Pre-deployment and at mission, including a new e-learning program. Seven of those countries were ranked Tier 3 in 2011, and 13 of them received waivers to remain on the Tier 2 Watch List. For the last 20 years, the TIP Report has continuously documented the growing movement against human trafficking and provided a roadmap for governments to address the crime, laying out realistic and actionable policy priorities and insisting on continuous improvement. Annual Reports. An observant neighbor of the eldercare facility reported the situation to law enforcement after seeing that Maria worked long hours, never had a day off, and was constantly tired and disheveled. These included recommendations to explain more clearly country tier rankings – which led to moving the tier justification paragraph to the beginning of each narrative – as well as new language to highlight more explicitly the factors that support a given tier ranking. Throughout the course of the investigation, Varela and Correia showed an impressive level of perseverance in the face of immense difficulties, including foreign interference and threats to their personal safety, to pursue Cabo Verde’s first forced labor prosecution. Tenzing Lahdon Supporting the Reintegration of Trafficked Persons: A Guidebook for the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: http://un-act.org/publication/supporting-reintegration-trafficked-persons-guidebook-greater-mekong-sub-region, http://www.cbss.org/civil-security-the-human-dimension/tfthb/, Human Trafficking 2016 – Baltic Sea Round-up Report. Yemen. Colonel Rigzin played a central role in efforts to amend the Bhutan Penal Code to align its legal definition of human trafficking with international standards. The TVPA defines “severe forms of trafficking in persons” as: A victim need not be physically transported from one location to another for the crime to fall within this definition. Post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder are related; each disorder can mask the symptoms of the other, and both need to be treated to attain long-term recovery outcomes. Page 12: Harold Jahnsen Stages of “relapses” wherein the victim returns to the trafficker should therefore be considered in treatment planning. Local Government Reports. While much more needs to be done given the size of the problem, these faith-based efforts are nonetheless very promising. Governments could consider: increasing coordination between their youth or child services programs and their sports programs; training consular officers on common indicators or schemes traffickers use within student or sports visas programs; and pursuing partnerships or dialogues with sports agencies and leagues to begin to address this form of human trafficking, such as through nationwide public awareness initiatives. New Zealand Netherlands Spain Page 23: Ranita Roy Luxembourg If needed for language purposes, the provider should use a professional interpreter trained to interpret information appropriately, and without judgment, to ensure information is accurate and non-stigmatizing when applicable. Romania Current research is mostly limited to the United States and focused almost exclusively on sex trafficking of women and girls. For 20 years, the Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP Report) has demonstrated the United States’ conviction that human trafficking is a global threat necessitating a global response. Eritrea Whitney Stewart Dignity Health developed the PEARR Tool in consultation with survivors and community organizations to train medical professionals to provide privacy, educate, ask, respect, and respond to survivor’s needs. Forced child begging is one of the main forms of trafficking found in Senegal, where children, commonly known as talibés have been forced to beg in the streets as part of their studies in Quranic schools, called daaras. The narrative text of the introductory section evolved from providing minimal explanation of human trafficking and the purpose of the report, to covering a variety of human trafficking issues and current trends. Organizations called by their faith to help address human trafficking can play an important role both locally and around the world. Soon after arriving, Sofia’s fiancé handed her an itemized bill for every meal, trip, and gift he had ever purchased for her. While the term “substance use disorder” may carry less stigma, the term “addiction” is used, not pejoratively, in legal and criminal justice cases and by medical experts to describe this complex condition. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. Greater pressure on teams and their scouts is needed to conduct more due diligence on the agents they work with to ensure their talent acquisition is free of exploitation. SA-17, 11th Floor. They characterize the many—though not all—forms of human trafficking and the wide variety of places in which they occur, although each could take place almost anywhere in the world. 2004 – Another 15 countries were added to the report, jumping from 116 to 131, as a result of an increase in the volume of information generated from a greater understanding of human trafficking around the world. In Senegal, religious leaders and local authorities in several municipalities are engaged in efforts to reduce and eradicate forced child begging. Page 44: Paula Bronstein This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State throughout the year on government progress in addressing trafficking. The tier ranking justification for each country in this year’s report appears in the first paragraph of each country narrative and includes language that explicitly highlights the factors supporting a given tier ranking. Department of State officials from U.S. embassies and consulates, as well as the TIP Office, use the TIP Report when they meet with foreign government officials across a variety of agencies to draw attention to human trafficking, discuss policy recommendations, and work toward solutions. The Gambia Veronica Jablonski The original three-tier ranking system was created to indicate how well other governments complied with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking laid out in the law. Costa Rica Central African Republic Heather Fisher Kazakhstan Nigeria With support from the international community, some targeted projects have sought to raise awareness and sensitize local authorities and religious leaders on the issue of forced child begging. In these cases, perpetrators entrapped victims with existing substance use issues, or initiated dependency in victims with no prior addiction history. Texas.gov is the official website of the State of Texas. The TIP Report provides a comprehensive view of what the government is doing to combat trafficking in persons. In 2007, this unit identified and prosecuted Bhutan’s first criminal case involving human trafficking charges. Yet neither governments nor international sports federations or national sports leagues have successfully addressed the growing incidence of human trafficking of athletes. Troop- and police-contributing countries must review, amend, or develop laws to allow prosecution of such crimes when committed by their personnel while serving overseas.
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