Kocharyan himself negotiated with terrorists to lease the MP hostages. It is one of the main centers of the national economy and of the Colombian coffee growing axis. [103] Independence was confirmed by referendum on 21 September 1991. Therefore, a second round was held and Kocharyan defeated Stepan Demirchyan with official results showed him winning just over 67% of the vote. [71], Due to its strategic significance, the historical Armenian homelands of Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia was constantly fought over and passed back and forth between Safavid Persia and the Ottomans. As a result, he had been given a crown by both German and Byzantine emperors. Bibliographie : Gérard Dédéyan (dir. In the 5th century, the Sassanid Shah Yazdegerd II tried to tie his Christian Armenian subjects more closely to the Sassanid Empire by reimposing the Zoroastrian religion. [citation needed] The region's northern area is the gateway to Los Nevados national park, where the highest peaks in central Colombia rise to perpetual snows at more than 4,500 metres. Likewise, Azerbaijan had an Armenian minority, concentrated in Baku and Kirovabad. An early Bronze-Age culture in the area is the Kura-Araxes culture, assigned to the period between c. 4000 and 2200 BC. In 2009–10, the Azerbaijan's military build-up along with increasing war rhetoric and threats risked causing renewed problems in the South Caucasus. However, these old vehicles have been also adopted into a traditional parade carrying oversized loads of coffee, local agriculture products and people. The Soviet Republic of Armenia was established on November 29, 1920; in 1922 Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic; and in 1936 this republic was dissolved and Armenia became a constituent (union) republic of the Soviet Union. Cilicia flourished greatly under Armenian rule, as it became the last remnant of Medieval Armenian statehood. It is one of the main centers of the national economy and of the Colombian coffee growing axis. [2] In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (southwestern historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Jusqu'où est-il à Arménie et dans quel pays est-il situé? The history of Armenia covers the topics related to the history of the Republic of Armenia, as well as the Armenian people, the Armenian language, and the regions historically and geographically considered Armenian. Sarduri made Tushpa (modern Van) the capital of Urartu. Elle fut fondée en 1889 par Jesús María Ocampo, célèbre pour sa passion de la chasse aux jaguars. The earthquake was also felt in Risaralda, Valle Del Cauca, Tolima, Antioquia, and Cundinamarca, but Armenia was the hardest-hit city. [76][77] Karabakh was also ceded to Russia by Persia. [128][129] Former Prime Minister Karen Karapetyan succeeded Sargsyan as acting Prime Minister. The Soviets also pledged to take steps to rebuild the army, protect the Armenians and to not pursue non-communist Armenians, although the final condition of this pledge was reneged when the Dashnaks were forced out of the country. The Treaty of Gulistan that was signed in the same year forced Qajar Iran to irrevocably cede significant amounts of its Caucasian territories to Russia, comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, and most of what is today the Republic of Azerbaijan. Between 1 and 5 April 2016, there were renewed clashes between Armenian and Azerbaijani armed forces. Armenia est une ville avec une pluviométrie importante. The Azeris had close ethnic and religious ties to the Turks and had provided material support for them in their drive to Baku in 1918. The county's folklore is represented throughout events and traditions visible during most of its towns festivities to name a few: The Yipao (Parade of Jeeps): After World War II Armenia was given imported general purpose Jeeps vehicles so that they may be used for the difficult paths. The harsh situation caused by the earthquake and subsequent events made many residents of Armenia leave and settle in North America, Western Europe and Australia. Armenia, from then on corresponding to much of Eastern Armenia, regained independence in 1918, with the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia, and in 1991, the Republic of Armenia. Nowadays, they are no longer mass-produced for practical purposes as cheaper materials such as plastics displaced them from the market, but these traditional receptacles are still produced and hand-painted. [104], After the resignation of his predecessor Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Robert Kocharyan was elected Armenia's second President on 30 March 1998, defeating his main rival, Karen Demirchyan, in an early presidential election marred by irregularities and violations by both sides as reported by international electoral observers. This was the first public demonstration of such high numbers in the USSR, which defended national interests rather than collective ones. Bogota-Armenia - forum Colombie - Besoin d'infos sur Colombie ? The main rival of Urartu was the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Each fall, La Asociacion Quindiana de Orquideologia hosts an orchid show, open to the public. The Shah pursued a careful strategy, advancing and retreating as the occasion demanded, determined not to risk his enterprise in a direct confrontation with stronger enemy forces. Due to its namesake, many Armenian tourists also visit the city. After Trajan's death, however, his successor Hadrian decided not to maintain the province of Armenia. Other sport events are bullfighting, golf, swimming and cycling. [9], In 301, Arsacid Armenia was the first sovereign nation to accept Christianity as a state religion. It seems that the Armenians were pleased with Baldwin's rule and with the crusaders in general, and some number of them fought alongside the crusaders. [citation needed], The Armenian national liberation movement was the Armenian effort to free the historic Armenian homeland of eastern Anatolia and Transcaucasus from Russian and Ottoman domination and re-establish the independent Armenian state. Les circuits. Those who attempted to resist the mass deportation were killed outright. [38], The Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, controlled Syria, Armenia, and vast other eastern regions. During times of crisis the ones in the remote regions of mountainous eastern Anatolia were mistreated by local Kurdish chiefs and feudal lords. Elle se parcourt en 4x4 local nommé «... Ferme caféière. Reportedly, one of the suggestions put forward was the withdrawal of Armenian forces from the Azeri territories adjacent to Nagorno-Karabakh, and holding referendums (plebiscites) in Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan proper regarding the future status of the region. Consultez les dernières prévisions, cartes, actualités et alertes sur Yahoo Météo. Mustafa Kemal Pasha had sent several delegations to Moscow in search of an alliance, where he had found a receptive response by the Soviet government, which started sending gold and weapons to the Turkish revolutionaries, which would prove disastrous for the Armenians. [20][21] It has been speculated that this was an Indo-European culture. The following years were devastating for the Iranian towns in the Caucasus as well as the inhabitants of the region, as well as for the Persian army. Ter-Petrosyan was placed under de facto house arrest, not being allowed to leave his home, though the authorities later denied the allegations. In 1921, the Bolsheviks and the Turks signed the Treaty of Kars, in which Turkey ceded Adjara to the USSR in exchange for the Kars territory (today the Turkish provinces of Kars, Surmalu, and Ardahan). With Mikhail Gorbachev's introduction of glasnost and perestroika, public demonstrations became more common. Many traditional plantations still exist in the surrounding area and many offer bed and breakfast accommodation and "ecotourism" packages. [121] [119], On the early morning of 1 March, reportedly acting on evidence of firearms in the camp, the authorities moved in to inspect the tents set up by demonstrators. [13][14][15], Stone tools from 325,000 years ago have been found in Armenia which indicate the presence of early humans at this time. [37] According to the Armenian tradition, the Medes helped the Armenians establish the Orontid dynasty. It was not until the construction of the first asphalt road—in 1927 to Zarzal in the Department of Valle del Cauca—that transport was improved. This region was widely known in the country in the early 20th century for the production of storage receptacles made of the empty dried shell of the fruit of a local species of inedible bottle gourd, the "Cuyabra" or "totumo", which gives the demonym of "cuyabros" to the people born in this city. As a result,[78] the next war between Russia and Persia was inevitable, namely the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828). Several Armenian organizations from around the world quickly arrived to offer aid and to participate in the country's early years. "[6], The Iron Age kingdom of Urartu (Assyrian for Ararat) was replaced by the Orontid dynasty. A voir / à faire. For example, at the height of the Ottoman-Persian wars, Yerevan changed hands fourteen times between 1513 and 1737. Arménie : Histoire Comme pour tous les pays très anciens, les origines de l’Arménie sont mal connues. Negotiations were then carried out between Kâzım Karabekir and a peace delegation led by Alexander Khatisian in Alexandropol; although Karabekir's terms were extremely harsh the Armenian delegation had little recourse but to agree to them. As a Roman province Armenia was administered by Catilius Severus of the Gens Claudia. However, this war ended even more disastrously, as the Russians not only occupied as far as Tabriz, the ensuing treaty that followed, namely the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828, forced it to irrevocably cede its last remaining territories in the Caucasus, comprising all of modern-day Armenia, Nakhchivan and Igdir. Slightly warmer than its sister cities of Pereira and Manizales, Armenia is the perfect place for those who want to leave their coats at home. Armies sent in pursuit of the Shah in 1605 were defeated, and by 1606 Abbas had regained all of the territory lost to the Turks earlier in his reign. In the regions of Oltu, Sarikamish, Kars, and Alexandropol (Gyumri), Armenian forces clashed with those of the Turkish armies. Retire in Armenia, Colombia ©Michael Bjorn Huseby. He left more than 90 inscriptions by using the Mesopotamian cuneiform writing system in the Urartian language. Archaeological surveys in 2010 and 2011 have resulted in the discovery of the world's earliest known leather shoe (3,500 BC), straw skirt (3,900 BC), and wine-making facility (4,000 BC) at the Areni-1 cave complex. 71.3. The bamboo guadua is widely used in creation of art crafts, furniture and buildings. [32], The Kingdom of Urartu , also known as Kingdom of Van flourished between the 9th century BC[33] and 585 BC[34] in the Armenian Highland. [88][89][90]:98[91] These events are traditionally commemorated yearly on 24 April, the Armenian Christian martyr day. L’histoire de l’Arménie remonte à des temps très anciens, puisqu’on a retrouvé des traces d’habitations dans la région datant de la Préhistoire : plusieurs cultures attestent la présence, dès cette époque lointaine, d’unités sociales constituées. Venez consulter la fiche pays de l'Arménie : la description, la capitale, le drapeau, l'histoire, les pays limitrophes. Their acquisitions are summarized by Strabo. Quindio est l’un des 32 départements de la Colombie. The First Republic of Armenia was established on 28 May 1918. Armenia is often referred to as "Ciudad Milagro" (Miracle City) due to its fast urban growth and development. At the Quindio side of the foothills of this national park, lies the Cocora Valley, where the National Tree of Colombia, the wax palm grows, and whose municipality of Salento is a tourist destination known for its culinary delicacy (fried river trout), for its guadua crafts and furniture (the strong native bamboo cane), its art galleries and its position as a bohemian centre of regional artists. A Hellenistic Armenian state was founded in 190 BC. By nightfall, a few thousand protesters had barricaded themselves using commandeered municipal buses. [citation needed], Armenia gave way to communist power in late 1920. — Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. On 20 February 1988, interethnic fighting between the ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijanis broke out shortly after the parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh, an autonomous oblast in Azerbaijan, voted to unify the region with Armenia. [citation needed], In 714 BC, the Assyrians under Sargon II defeated the Urartian King Rusa I at Lake Urmia and destroyed the holy Urartian temple at Musasir. Provincial villages gradually became towns and towns gradually became cities. Armenia, which once had its own rulers and was at other times under Persian and Byzantine control, passed largely into the power of the Caliphs, and established the province of Arminiya. He then had confrontations with Pontus, Seleucid Syria and Cappadocia, and was included in the treaty which followed the victory of a group of Anatolian kings over Pharnaces of Pontus in 181 BC. While laying siege to Kars, he learned of the approach of a large Ottoman army, commanded by Djghazadé Sinan Pasha. Sargsyan was recognized as legitimate president[123][124], On 10 October 2009, the Turkish-Armenian protocols on the establishment of diplomatic relations constituted a novelty in Turkish-Armenian relations. In 1071, after the defeat of the Byzantine forces by the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert, the Turks captured the rest of Greater Armenia and much of Anatolia. Early 20th-century scholars suggested that the name "Armenia" may have possibly been recorded for the first time on an inscription which mentions Armanî (or Armânum) together with Ibla, from territories conquered by Naram-Sin (2300 BC) identified with an Akkadian colony in the current region of Diyarbekir; however, the precise locations of both Armani and Ibla are unclear. It is estimated that a large earthquake, approximately 6–7 in magnitude, will hit this area every 20 years due to high seismic activity. Protesters continue to demand an investigation into the 2008 violence, the release of political prisoners, an improvement in socioeconomic conditions, and the institution of democratic reforms. It can be explained by the Galapagos Triple Junction, which is located at the northwest corner of the South American Plate where the Nazca, Cocos, and Pacific plates converge. [99] In response, Armenia declared war on Turkey on 24 September and the Turkish invasion of Armenia (1920) began. By the late 18th century, Imperial Russia had started to encroach to the south into the land of its neighbours; Qajar Iran and Ottoman Turkey. After gaining (60) and losing (62) Armenia, the Romans under Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, legate of Syria entered (63) into an agreement of Vologases I of Parthia, which confirmed Tiridates I as king of Armenia, thus founding the Arshakuni dynasty. The main form of transporting people and merchandise was by mule, due to the mountainous terrain surrounding the city. The transition to socialism was difficult for Armenia, and for most of the other republics in the Soviet Union. The First Nagorno-Karabakh War pitted Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh, backed by Armenia, against the Army of Azerbaijan. Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 23 August 1990. [122], This was followed by mass arrests and purges of prominent members of the opposition, as well as a de facto ban on any further anti-government protests. The Georgian Menshevik parliamentarian Irakli Tsereteli suggested that the Armenians would be safer from the Turks as Georgian citizens. To counter the Parthian threat, Verus set out for the east. Following Russia's conquest of all of Qajar Iran's Caucasian territories, many Armenian families were encouraged to settle in the newly conquered Russian territories. [citation needed], After years of rule, the Arsacid dynasty fell in 428, with Eastern Armenia being subjugated to Persia and Western Armenia, to Rome. Competing national interests and war with Turkey led to the dissolution of the republic half a year later, in April 1918. l'un des nombreux groupes ethniques vivant dans l'Empire ottoman. Edwards, Robert W., "Settlements and Toponymy in Armenian Cilicia", Revue des Études Arméniennes 24, 1993, pp.181-204. Indeed, Roman supremacy was fully established by the campaigns of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo,[43] that ended with a formal compromise: a Parthian prince of the Arsacid line would henceforth sit on the Armenian throne, but his nomination had to be approved by the Roman emperor. [53], In 405–06, Armenia's political future seemed uncertain. Complaints included that Kocharyan had not been an Armenian citizen for ten years as required by the constitution. Even though Western Armenia had already once been conquered by the Ottomans following the Peace of Amasya, Greater Armenia was eventually decisively divided between the vying rivals, the Ottomans and the Safavids, in the first half of the 17th century following the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39) and the resulting Treaty of Zuhab under which Eastern Armenia remained under Persian rule, and Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. [40], The Third Mithridatic War and defeat of the King of Pontus by Roman Pompeius resulted in the Kingdom of Armenia becoming an allied client state of Rome. [30] Thutmose III of Egypt, in the 33rd year of his reign (1446 BC), mentioned as the people of "Ermenen", claiming that in their land "heaven rests upon its four pillars". Selon la tradition biblique, les Arméniens seraient les descendants de Hayk, arrière-arrière-petit-fils de Noé, dont l’arche aurait échoué sur le mont Ararat après le Déluge. The conquest was completed by the Emperor Heraclius, himself ethnically Armenian, in 629. From Canada, a group of young students and volunteers under the CYMA - Canadian Youth Mission to Armenia banner arrived in Ararat Region and became the first youth organization to contribute to the newly independent Republic. In September 1917, the convention in Tiflis elected the Armenian National Council, the first sovereign political body of Armenians since the collapse of Lesser Armenia in 1375. The boys were then forced to convert to Islam (by threat of death otherwise) and educated to be fierce warriors in times of war, as well as Beys, Pashas and even Grand Viziers in times of peace. [105] In early 1998, Kocharyan rejected the 1997 OSCE Minsk Group peace plan and initiated a new phase of Nagorno-Karabakh negotiations, where Heydar Aliyev and Kocharyan negotiated secret from their publics and senior officials. "[41], From Pompeius' campaign Armenia was, for the next few centuries, contested between Rome and Parthia/Sassanid Persia on the other hand. À sa périphérie, on peut ainsi visiter des plantations et le parc national du café qui est un espace thématique consacré à la production de celui-ci. Law enforcement agents then violently dispersed the hundreds of protestors camped in. The earthquake was one of the most devastating events to have occurred in Colombia in recent history, with an estimated 1900 casualties. colombienne lance lopération « Marquetalia » contre des bases rebelles dans le cadre du Plan américain LASO (Lat [93], The Georgian–Armenian War was a border war fought in 1918 between the Democratic Republic of Georgia and the First Republic of Armenia over the then disputed provinces of Lori and Javakheti which had been historically bi-cultural Armenian-Georgian territories, but were largely populated by Armenians in the 19th century. As a result, the historic center of Armenia was named as part of the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. Marxist–Leninist system had several positive aspects. The actual transfer of power took place on 2 December 1920 in Yerevan. To the south of the city as it gets closer to sea level, the temperature favors not only Quindio's agricultural economy, but a renewed tourist industry in the shape of villas for rent, theme parks, eco-hotels and family day leisure centers, not excluding all-time favorites like local cuisine restaurants, exhibition centers and country clubs specializing in fishing, tennis, golf, cart racing and other sports. The plan, accepted by Ter-Petrosyan and Azerbaijan, called for a "phased" or "step-by-step" settlement of the conflict which would postpone an agreement on Nagorno-Karabakh's status, the main stumbling block. [116], Final results from the election, which was held on 19 February 2008, officially showed Sargsyan winning about 53% of the vote, and Ter-Petrosyan in second place with 21.5% of the vote. [31] Armenia is possibly connected to Mannaea, which may be identical to the region of Minni mentioned in The Bible. Histoire L'Arménie antique. Armenia faced many challenges during its first years as a sovereign state. This article is about the city in Colombia. Part of this information is captured, is taken from Armenia Friendly program, the website of the Mayor of the City, The renewed tourist industry has activated the popularity of the city and its surrounding areas. Sargsyan accepted the proposal of studying the issue of the Armenian genocide through a commission, and recognized the current Turkish-Armenian border. The national liberation movement of the Balkan peoples and the immediate involvement of the European powers in the Eastern question had a powerful effect on the development of the national liberation ideology movement among the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire. On 24 April 1915, Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders from Constantinople to the region of Ankara, where the majority of which were murdered.