The ILO has also exempted certain forms of prison labor, but only to the extent that such labor is exacted as a consequence of a conviction in a court of law and carried out under the supervision and control of a public authority, and provided that the prisoner is not hired out to or placed at the disposal of private entities. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx, United Nations Enable: The addendum will cover maternal health issues such as maternal mortality, government policy adversely affecting access to contraception, access to skilled healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth, access to emergency healthcare, and discrimination against women in accessing sexual and reproductive health care, including for sexually transmitted infections. This report includes documents on several countries that do not fall into the categories established by these statutes and thus are not covered by the congressional requirement. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. Enforcement of the law is key to effective implementation. The Department seeks to identify those groups (for example, government forces) or individuals for whom available evidence indicates probable involvement in human rights violations or abuses or other problematic conduct. 13 April 2016. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. This annual report, called the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices but commonly known as the Human Rights Report (HRR), provides information that is used by Congress, the Executive Branch, and courts in making policies and/or decisions; thus accurate information on human rights conditions is critical. The ILO has also exempted certain forms of prison labor, but only to the extent that such labor is exacted as a consequence of a conviction in a court of law and carried out under the supervision and control of a public authority, and provided that the prisoner is not hired out to or placed at the disposal of private entities. and/or a separate subsection for countries where the operations are taking place and in the relevant section for the country conducting the operations. It includes reports of unlawful killings in situations of significant internal conflict. Some specific guidelines derived from these are discussed below. § 2464, 2467 also require that U.S. foreign and trade policy take into account countries’ human rights and worker rights performance and that country reports be submitted to the Congress on an annual basis. Many states and municipalities also have enacted protections against discrimination and harassment based on sexual orientation, status as a parent, marital status, and political affiliation. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. It reports on national human rights commissions, parliamentary commissions, and relations with international human rights organizations. Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The discussion of worker rights considers not only laws, statutes, and regulations but also their practical application. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. A subsection Coercion in Population Control changes the former focus from general “reproductive rights” and maternal health issues to comply with the requirement of U.S. law that we report on coercive family planning practices, such as coerced abortion and involuntary sterilization. In addition to these rights, several U.S. free trade agreements have also included the “elimination of discrimination in respect of employment or occupation” in their definition of internationally recognized worker rights. “Freedom of association” includes the right of workers and employers to establish and join organizations of their own choosing without previous authorization; to draw up their own constitutions and rules, to elect their representatives, and to formulate their programs; to join in confederations and affiliate with international organizations; and to be protected against dissolution or suspension by administrative authority. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism, Office of the U.S. Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mozambique EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ANNOUNCEMENT: The Department of State will release an addendum to this report in mid 2021 that expands the subsection on Women in Section 6 to include a broader range of issues related to reproductive rights. It reports on national human rights commissions, parliamentary commissions, and relations with international human rights organizations. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor be denied the right to change his nationality. “Acceptable conditions of work” refers to the establishment and maintenance of appropriate mechanisms, adapted to national conditions, that provide for minimum working standards, namely: wages that provide a decent living for workers and their families; working hours that do not exceed 48 hours per week, with a full 24-hour day of rest and provisions for overtime pay; a specified number of annual paid leave days; and minimum conditions for the protection of the safety and health of workers. 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Democratic People's Republic of Korea BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ANNOUNCEMENT: The Department of State will release an addendum to this report in mid 2021 that expands the subsection on Women in Section 6 to include a broader range of issues The reports cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The subsection on Women discusses violence against women, such as domestic violence, rape, female genital mutilation/cutting, dowry deaths, and “honor killings.” Information is included on any government tolerance of, and efforts to prevent, such practices, as well as the extent to which women have access to equality of economic opportunity and protection from discrimination and sexual harassment. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Our nation was founded on the premise that all human beings are created equal in rights and in dignity. The subsection Protection of Refugees covers abuse and discrimination against refugees and asylum seekers. Bureau officers also consulted experts in the Department of State and elsewhere on worker rights, refugee issues, police and security issues, women’s issues, and legal matters, among many others. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. Such links are consolidated in Appendix C. Evaluating the credibility of reports of human rights violations and abuses remains difficult. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Removed sourcing from first sentence of paragraph 5 of Section 2.g. Click Step 1 to select the topics, Step 2 to select the countries/areas to be included in the report… The International Labor Organization (ILO), in its 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, sets forth these principles and rights at work as follows: freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor; the effective abolition of child labor; and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. To comply with the congressional requirement for reporting on human rights practices, the Department provides guidance to U.S. diplomatic missions annually in July for submission of updated reports in September and October. country reports on human rights practices report ratbmift'ed to the committee on foreign relations u.s. senate and) committee on foreign affairs u.s. house of representatives by tile department of statf in accordance with sections 116(d) and 502b(b) of … For example, if there has been no allegation concerning the unavailability of potable water, then the Reports need not include information on that condition. I am honored to release the 45th annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and to reaffirm the United States’ commitment to placing human rights at the center of our foreign policy. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. Consequently, the reports look beyond statements of policy or intent to examine what a government actually did to protect human rights and promote accountability, including the extent to which it investigated, brought to trial, or punished those responsible for any violations or abuses. Multiple concerned bureaus and offices in the Department of State provide contributions, and the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor prepares a final draft of each Country Report. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. “A minimum age for employment” is related to the effective abolition of child labor because it requires a minimum age for employment that is consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young people. Everyone has the right to education. In recent years, the Department’s annual instructions on the update of the Reports changed the requirement that information be provided even when no abuse was alleged. Deleted “The Cambodia spokesperson” and added “A media officer” and “in Geneva” in Section 1b at the request of OHCHR. (The Country Reports address allegations of abuses by government or opposition forces, such as killing, torture and other violence, or restriction of voting rights or freedom of expression that discriminate against specific groups, under the appropriate preceding sections.). Additionally, the Department’s annual instructions also made changes to sharpen the focus on reports of violations and abuses of internationally recognized human rights and each government’s actions regarding such violations and abuses. The subsections Elections and Political Participation and Participation of Women and Minorities assess whether elections were free and fair, including whether women and minorities had the opportunity to participate on an equal basis. Reference does not indicate endorsement by the U.S. Department of State. While the section generally excludes combat deaths and killings by non-state actors , it does cover killings by such actors as opposition groups, terrorists, or widespread killings by criminal groups. In the age of the Internet, the underlying data is generally available. The United States is committed to using its voice and position on the world stage to draw attention to these violations and abuses of human rights, and to promote accountability for human rights violators and abusers. Information on anti-Semitism also appears in section 6 under a heading by that name. Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. For example, the Executive Summary of each report is sharply focused on reports of the significant types of violations and abuses of internationally recognized human rights, if applicable to the country concerned. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. http://www.childinfo.org/fgmc_progress.html and On page 16, under Section 3, corrected “proscribes” to “prescribes.”. Direct discrimination exists when laws, rules, or practices explicitly cite a particular ground (such as sex, race, religion, political opinion, national or social origin, etc.) The reports cover deaths in detention due to adverse conditions in subsection 1.c., under Prison and Detention Center Conditions. For purposes of focus and streamlining, the reports select a few illustrative examples of alleged abuses and follow up in most instances only on the previous year’s high-profile unresolved cases. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. The subsection Political Prisoners and Detainees covers persons convicted, imprisoned, or detained essentially for political beliefs or nonviolent acts of dissent or expression, particularly based on overly broad and sweeping charges intended to stifle the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence: Covers whether government authorities entered homes without judicial or other appropriate authorization, and whether a government accessed, collected, or used private communications or personal data arbitrarily or unlawfully (such as by targeting individuals based on the exercise of their human rights) or without appropriate legal authority. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: Covers torture, defined in the Convention Against Torture, Article 1, as “any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind,” and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, committed by or at the instigation of, or with the consent or acquiescence of, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. It is only an allegation about the absence of potable water that would raise prison condition concerns and thus should be mentioned. We have provided links to relevant sources rather than repeat the data in the text of the reports. Worker rights are discussed in each country report under the section heading “Worker Rights” in five subsections: freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining; prohibition of forced or compulsory labor; prohibition of worst forms of child labor and minimum age for employment; prohibition of discrimination with respect to employment and occupation; and acceptable conditions of work. The Department uses the phrase “generally respected” because the protection and promotion of human rights is a dynamic endeavor. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Notwithstanding terms that may be used in them, they do not state or reach legal conclusions with respect to domestic or international law. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. The cause of human rights, freedom, and dignity is close to the American heart. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, An official website of the United States government, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard, www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Preventing_gender-biased_sex_selection.pdf, http://www.childinfo.org/fgmc_progress.html, https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation-and-cutting/, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.530?lang=en, http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en/index.html, http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/, http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/contraception/wcu2018.shtml, https://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/SOTA_Synthesis_2016_FINAL.pdf, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/, https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/child/en/, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx, https://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/ipeoples/Pages/IndigenousPeoplesIndex.aspx, https://www.amnestyusa.org/issues/gender-sexuality-identity/, www.humanrightsfirst.org/discrimination/pages.aspx?id=157, www.hrw.org/en/category/topic/lgbt-rights, http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries, https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Scholars-at-Risk-Free-to-Think-2019.pdf. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons: Contains subsections on Women; Children; Anti-Semitism; Trafficking in Persons; Persons with Disabilities; Acts of Violence, Discrimination, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. State-sanctioned violence in Zimbabwe against civil society activists, labor leaders, and opposition members continued a culture of impunity, and LGBTQI+ persons continued to be vulnerable to violence, discrimination, and harassment due to criminalization and stigma associated with same-sex sexual conduct. In the subsection on Acts of Violence, Discrimination, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Section 6, removed an erroneous reference to an LGBTI rights advocacy group to clarify that it was not the target of reported harassment. Frequently, eyewitnesses are intimidated or prevented from reporting what they know. Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge. In 2016 Mirziyoyev, the former prime minister, won the presidential elections with 88 percent of the vote. Our focus is on coercive government action, and we therefore do not cover instances in which family members or partners may pressure someone to have an abortion. This change allowed the reports to increase the focus on reported abuses and cut routine descriptive detail. Added “(Islas Malvinas)” after references to Falklands or Falkland Islands in Section 7.c, paragraphs 4 and 5. In the age of the Internet, the underlying data is readily available. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. Experience teaches that government officials who oppress, abuse, and tolerate the denial of the human rights of their own people are also responsible for creating social environments that are ripe for both economic and humanitarian crises, and that encourage corruption, violent conflict, and terrorism.