Malgré les images très impressionnantes, ce vol est une vraie réussite. La construction d'un deuxième réservoir de test à échelle réduite nommé SN7 commence en mai 2020. Le Starship SN5 est transporté sur le support de test dans le but de faire un saut à 150 m d'altitude. SpaceX's Elon Musk explains how his big rocket's short hops will lead to giant leaps. Elon Musk's Starship may be more moral catastrophe than bold step in space exploration. Il est de plus conçu pour retourner sur Terre après sa mission, en contrôlant sa trajectoire à l'aide d'aérofreins avant d'atterrir verticalement à l'aide de ses moteurs, rendant le véhicule réutilisable. Le 16 avril 2021, la NASA annonce avoir choisi le Starship dans le cadre du programme Artemis pour l'atterrisseur lunaire HLS (Human Landing System) qui doit ramener l'Homme sur la lune d'ici 2024. [69] Immediately after the landing, there was a fire visible near the vehicle's skirt, prompting the deployment of the landing site's fire suppression system. [142] The ambient-temperature pressure test is followed by the cryogenic proof test where the vehicle's oxygen and methane tanks are loaded with liquid nitrogen. [54] The company then focused on resolving the problem that led to SN1's failure by assembling a stripped‑down version of their next planned prototype named SN2. [67] On 2 February 2021, SN9 attempted a 10 km (33,000 ft) flight, but once again exploded on landing after one of the Raptor engines failed to ignite. D'une taille de 118 m (63 m pour le lanceur, 55 pour le vaisseau) et d'un diamètre de 9 m, Super Heavy Starship sera un mastodonte de 4 400 tonnes. "We will do several short hops to smooth out launch process, then go high altitude with body flaps", "SpaceX Orbital Starship Aiming for 20 Kilometer Flight in October and Orbital Attempt After", A conversation with Elon Musk about Starship, https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1015648140341403648. Comme prévu, les 3 moteurs sont rallumés à la fin de la chute contrôlée, puis deux se sont éteints l'un après l'autre, et la manœuvre d'atterrissage s'est terminée avec un moteur. * denotes unflown vehicles or engines, and future missions or sites. SpaceX is quietly planning Mars-landing missions with the help of NASA and other spaceflight experts. ", "SpaceX successfully launches — and lands — Starship prototype in milestone test flight", "Elon Musk's upcoming Starship presentation to mark 12 months of rapid progress", https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2005/11/spacex-set-maiden-flight-goals/, "SpaceX IPO Cleared For Launch? [168], In addition to the commercial launch market that SpaceX has been servicing since 2013, the company intends to use Starship to launch the largest portion of its own internet satellite constellation, Starlink, with more than 12,000 satellites intended to be launched by 2026, more than six times the total number of active satellites on orbit in 2018. Several minutes after the landing the Starship exploded and was tossed in the air, before slamming down on its side on the landing pad. [177], SpaceX has been developing the Starship system with private funding, including the Raptor rocket engine used on both stages of the vehicle, since 2012. Le prototype est détruit en plein vol peu avant l'atterrissage. [88], Starship has a stainless steel structure and tank construction. Long‑duration flights to the outer planets of the, Reusable lunar lander "Starship Human Landing System" (Starship HLS), to transport astronauts and cargo to the Moon's surface and back to the, Chantilly, Houston, Seattle, Washington DC, This page was last edited on 6 May 2021, at 07:19. [38]:30:10–31:30 Specifically, in addition to orbital launches, Starship is designed to be used for:[167][155], In 2017, SpaceX mentioned the theoretical possibility of using Starship to carry passengers on suborbital flights between two points on Earth. "Watch SpaceX's Starship Mk1 partially explode during test", "SpaceX's prototype Starship rocket partially bursts during testing in Texas", "SpaceX's 1st Full-Size Starship Prototype Suffers Anomaly in Pressure Test", "SpaceX's Starship SN1 prototype appears to burst during pressure test", "Starship passes key pressurization test", "SpaceX Starship: Elon Musk Outlines Next Steps for 'crazy tall' Ship", "SpaceX clears big hurdle on next-gen Starship rocket program", "So, it turns out SpaceX is pretty good at rocketing", "SpaceX Starship lands upright, then explodes in latest test", "SN10 engine was low on thrust due (probably) to partial helium ingestion from fuel header tank. [42], In mid‑September 2016, Musk noted that the Mars Colonial Transporter name would not continue, as the system would be able to "go well beyond Mars", and that a new name would be needed. Il est également le premier à réussir un remplissage des réservoirs avec les ergols réels (dioxygène et méthane liquide) et une mise sous pression, l'allumage des pré-brûleurs des moteurs et finalement, une mise à feu statique. La version Starship Crew, destinée au vol habité, doit être développée dans un second temps une fois que la version cargo aura effectué suffisamment de vols pour prouver sa fiabilité[9]. In November 2019, Elon Musk estimated that fuel will cost US$900,000 per launch and total launch costs could drop as low as US$2 million. De cette manière, le dôme, qui dépassait avant est maintenant caché à l’intérieur de la section. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». Si les résultats sont concluants, le Starship emmènera les astronautes du programme Artemis depuis la station Lunar Gateway en orbite lunaire jusqu'à la surface de la Lune à partir de 2024 lors de la mission Artemis III. [46] Later in May SpaceX changed the Starship design back to just using six Raptor engines, with three of the engines optimized for sea‑level and three optimized for vacuum. [53], Adopting a new "serial number" nomenclature, the Mk3 article was renamed Starship SN1 by SpaceX to signify the major evolution in building techniques, the rings were now taller and each was made of one single sheet of steel, drastically reducing the failure points in welding lines. [45] The two major parts of the launch vehicle were given descriptive names in November 2018: "Starship" for the upper stage and "Super Heavy" for the booster stage, which Musk pointed out was "needed to escape Earth's deep gravity well (not needed for other planets or moons)". COULEUR : Base argentée + noire/blanche. Après un décollage parfait, le vaisseau s’est ensuite écrasé au sol. SN6 est alors lui aussi transporté au site de construction pour inspection. In October 2020, NASA awarded SpaceX US$53.2 million to conduct a large scale flight demonstration to transfer 10 metric tons of cryogenic propellant between the tanks of two Starship vehicles. Ceci serait dû à l'ingestion de bulles d'hélium par le moteur. Deux vols captifs ont lieu en avril 2019, puis le moteur est retiré le temps de régler divers problèmes sur celui-ci[21]. Puis, le 22 décembre 2020, SN9 est transporté sur le pas de tir B. Après des tests de pressurisation de ses réservoirs, il effectue sa première mise-à-feu statique le 6 janvier 2021. [129][130], The prototype in Texas (Mk3) was renamed to SN1 (serial number 1). Beginning in 2019, SpaceX began to offer specific services to potential future customers using Starship/Super Heavy/Raptor technology, and such product offerings can result in revenue to the company from this line of technologies, even while development is continuing. SN9 est sécurisé le 14 décembre 2020, révélant des dommages à l'un de ses ailerons avant, qui est par la suite remplacé. Pour commencer, trois moteurs de Raptor taille camion de Starship rugit à la vie, ... SN10 est l’étage supérieur d’un système conçu pour avoir deux parties: un booster d’environ 23 étages appelé Super Heavy ferait un jour hisser le vaisseau spatial Starship vers l’orbite. [176], In April 2021, COO Gwynne Shotwell clarified that she believes SpaceX "will be flying large numbers of people on Starship in five years ... including point-to-point transportation between two locations on Earth". Il réussit les tests de pressurisation des réservoirs à l'azote, puis à la mi-octobre 2020 la mise à feu statique (static fire) de ses trois moteurs. SpaceX déclenchera les trois moteurs pour le décollage, puis les arrêtera un par un dans l’ordre à mesure … The Starhopper prototype was also the platform for the first flight tests of the full‑flow staged combustion methalox Raptor engine. Contrairement aux autres versions du Starship, il n'est pas destiné à retourner sur Terre, et n'est donc équipé ni de système de protection thermique, ni de surfaces de contrôle aérodynamiques[14]. Elle est capable d'envoyer une charge utile de plus de 100 tonnes en orbite basse terrestre et de 21 tonnes en orbite de transfert géostationnaire. "SpaceX CEO Elon Musk proposes Starship, Starlink tech for Solar System tour", "SpaceX CEO Elon Musk: Starship prototype to have 3 Raptors and "mirror finish, "SpaceX tests ceramic Starship heat shield tiles on Starhopper's final flight test", Could do it, but we developed low cost reusable tiles that are much lighter than transpiration cooling and quite robust, Thin tiles on windward side of ship and nothing on leeward or anywhere on booster looks like lightest option, "Starhopper conducts Raptor Static Fire test", "SpaceX just fired up the engine on its test Starship vehicle for the first time", SpaceX Starship Will "Bleed Water" From Tiny Holes, Says Elon Musk, "SpaceX CEO Elon Musk explains Starship's "transpiring" steel heat shield in Q&A", "SpaceX, Blue Origin and Dynetics will build human lunar landers for NASA's next trip back to the Moon", "Forward thrusters are to stabilize ship when landing in high winds. [36], In January 2019, Musk announced that Starship would no longer be constructed out of carbon fiber, and that stainless steel would be used instead, citing several reasons including cost, strength, and ease of production. Le 26 août 2019, un vol d'une altitude de 150 mètres est annulé à cause d'un dysfonctionnement du système d'allumage du moteur. After this incident, SpaceX built SN2 as a scaled down test tank to focus testing on the structure of the thrust puck. [89][114] Subsequent wind damage to the nose cone of the vehicle resulted in a SpaceX decision to scrap the nose section, and fly the low‑velocity hopper tests with no nose cone, resulting in an 18 m (59 ft) tall test vehicle. Il subit avec succès le test de pressurisation des réservoirs à l'azote, puis une mise à feu statique de son unique moteur Raptor le 24 août 2020[35]. Modèle imprimé 3D du véhicule STARSHIP Prototype de SpaceX, y compris une base. [186][190][191] The lifetime cancer risk increase caused by the dose incurred on a multi‑year Mars mission has been estimated to amount to a 5% increase in total cancer risk, a number which can be greatly reduced through simple shielding measures. Re: Starship SN16 (Boca Chica) Lun 12 Avr 2021 - 18:26. La fusée Starship (qui est propulsé par le premier étage « Super Heavy »), anciennement appelé Big Falcon Rocket ou BFR, est un lanceur orbital super-lourd actuellement en cours de développement par SpaceX, visant une capacité à placer une charge utile de plus de 100 tonnes en orbite basse[1]. Shift to stainless steel and early testing, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Starship development history § Starship and Super Heavy, List of Starship flights § Starship test flights, technology development and development funding, prototype Raptor engine for a methalox upper stage for Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, "Elon Musk says SpaceX's Starship rocket will launch "hundreds of missions" before flying people", "SpaceX's Starship May Fly for Just $2 Million Per Mission, Elon Musk Says", "Starship : Official SpaceX Starship Page", "Slight booster length increase to 70 m, so 120 m for whole system. [180] In January 2016 the US Air Force contracted with SpaceX US$33.7 million to develop a prototype Raptor engine for a methalox upper stage for Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, with up to a further US$61.4 million available for additional USAF requirements. La construction des prototypes Mk2 et Mk4 est arrêtée à la suite de l'échec du Mk1, et le Mk2 est démantelé en juillet 2020[30]. De ce fait le véhicule s'est effondré sur lui-même ne pouvant supporter cette masse supplémentaire. [1] In September 2020, Musk clarified that SpaceX intends to exclusively fly cargo transport missions initially, and that passenger flights would come only much later. [65], On 9 December 2020, SN8 flew a largely successful 12.5 km (41,000 ft) flight test, which included the first 3‑engine flight test, the first test of the body flaps during its novel "bellyflop" descent, and the first test of the "flip maneuver" landing burn at the end of the free‑fall phase. [128] After the incident, SpaceX decided not to repair and retest Mk1. It offers an integrated payload section and is capable of carrying passengers and cargo to Earth orbit, planetary destinations, and between destinations on Earth. La première section qui a été aperçue et qui entoure le dôme avant fait 4 anneaux de haut contre 3 sur tous les prototypes précédents. [122], Construction of the Mark 1 (Mk1) in Boca Chica, Texas and Mark 2 (Mk2) in Cocoa, Florida began in December 2018. Le 18 mars 2021, l'assemblage des deux sections de BN1, à savoir les réservoirs de méthane liquide et d'oxygène liquide, a lieu dans la High Bay. The first flight of a Starship prototype to orbit is not foreseen before the development of a further design batch beginning with SN20[109] as orbital flight will require another increase in capability associated with thermal control protection, navigation, etc. None of these contracts were funding for the mainline development of the Starship system. STARSHIP. BN1 (Booster Number 1) est le premier prototype de SuperHeavy. [143] [10], The SpaceX approach is to tackle the hardest problems first, and Musk sees the hardest problem for getting to sustainable human civilization on Mars to be building a fully‑reusable orbital Starship, so that is the major focus of SpaceX resources as of 2020. [175] [40], The launch vehicle was initially mentioned in public discussions by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk in 2012 as part of a description of the company's overall Mars system architecture, then known as "Mars Colonial Transporter" (MCT). Enfin, l'usage du lanceur comme moyen de transport intercontinental est également envisagé[4]. Starship est prévu pour être décliné en quatre versions. La construction du Starship Mk3, avant d'être renommé par la suite Starship SN1 (le préfixe « SN » signifie serial number)[31], débute en octobre 2019 à Boca Chica. Il est soumis avec succès à un test de pressurisation des réservoirs à l'azote, puis à une mise à feu statique de son moteur Raptor SN27 unique. Starship SN9 was a test vehicle designed to attempt a high-altitude test flight similar to the one conducted by Starship SN8. [3], As envisioned in the 2017 design unveiling, the Starship is to have a pressurized volume of approximately 825 m3 (29,100 cu ft), which could be configured for up to 40 cabins, large common areas, central storage, a galley, and a solar flare shelter for Mars missions. Destroyed. En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? SpaceX has no plans to develop a methalox second stage for the Falcon launch vehicles, but the Air Force wanted this technology to be developed.[181]. En novembre 2018, le vaisseau spatial (anciennement appelé « Big Falcon Rocket ») a été rebaptisé Starship, et le premier étage a été nommé « Super Heavy », l'ensemble du système, le premier étage et le vaisseau spatial est également appelé « Starship ». The next prototype, SN11, launched on 30 March, 2021. TAILLE (un modèle sans base) : 9,2 po de haut x 1,64 po de large x 1,64 po de long (23,3 x 4,1 x 4,1 cm). Starship SN3 est détruit le 3 avril 2020 lors du test de pressurisation à l'azote liquide des réservoirs, en raison d'une erreur de configuration. [19] However, the landing was harder than expected due to unexpected low thrust. Mars transportation, as cargo and passenger transports. On 5 May 2020, SN4 completed a single engine static fire with one mounted Raptor engine and became the first full Starship tank to pass a Raptor static fire. For example, a possible modification to the base Starship would have only an expendable three‑engine Starship with no fairing, rear fins, or landing legs, in order to optimize its mass ratio for interplanetary exploration with robotic probes. The spacecraft is also designed to be able to perform automatic rendezvous and docking operations and on‑orbit propellant transfer between Starships. If goal is max payload to moon per ship, no heatshield or flaps or big gas thruster packs are needed. Pendant ce temps, SN6, un prototype identique à SN5, fait le trajet inverse dans l'objectif de réaliser lui aussi un vol à la même altitude. to the Moon", "Elon Musk: Why I'm Building the Starship out of Stainless Steel", "3 sea level optimized Raptors, 3 vacuum optimized Raptors (big nozzle)", "SpaceX targets 2021 commercial Starship launch", "SpaceX's Starship prototype has taken flight for the first time", "SpaceX's Starhopper completes test flight", "SpaceX's Starship is a new kind of rocket, in every sense", "SpaceX Starship hardware mystery solved amid reports of Florida factory upheaval", "We're stripping SN2 to bare minimum to test the thrust puck to dome weld under pressure, first with water, then at cryo. [166], Starship is intended to become the primary SpaceX orbital vehicle. This failure caused SN9 to slam into the ground diagonally and explode. [167][78][8]:24:50–27:05 Any two points on Earth could be connected in under one hour, providing commercial long‑haul transport competing with long‑range aircraft. These have included building a single custom-order prototype Raptor engine for the USAF in 2016-2018, and in 2020, NASA contracting for SpaceX to do a year of development work for a special modified Starship second stage that could be used for Lunar passenger and cargo transport from the NASA Lunar Gateway space station to the surface of the Moon and return. Le 23 septembre 2020, le réservoir est testé jusqu'à destruction lors d'un test de pressurisation à l'azote liquide. [114][117][118] Starhopper testing ran from March to August 2019 with all Starhopper test flights at low altitude. Les deux réservoirs auxiliaires, beaucoup plus petits, contiennent le carburant nécessaire à l'atterrissage propulsif lors du retour sur Terre ou pour un atterrissage sur Mars. [43] In September 2017, at the 68th annual meeting of the International Astronautical Congress, SpaceX unveiled an updated vehicle design. 6 minutes afterwards, SN15 achieved a soft landing in Starbase, Texas. Total stack mass with max payload is 5000 tons", "SpaceX lands Starship prototype for the first time — and then it blows up", "Elon Musk renames his BFR spacecraft Starship", "Elon Musk says SpaceX's Starship rocket will launch 'hundreds of missions' before flying people", "Official NASA article announcing that Starship was chosen as Artemis lander", "What's behind Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk's Moon feud? [59] SN4 would complete a total of 4 short static fires (2 to 5 seconds long) before being destroyed in a massive explosion due to a propellant leak from the quick disconnect mechanism. Il est construit en acier inoxydable et est propulsé par 28 moteurs Raptor alimentés par un mélange d'oxygène et de méthane liquide, développant au total une poussée de 72 MN[1]. The name selected was "Interplanetary Transport System" (ITS). This is in contrast to most previous launch vehicle and spacecraft designs. En janvier 2021 débute la construction d'un nouveau réservoir de test à échelle réduite, le SN7.2, toujours en inox 304L mais dont les parois ont une épaisseur de 3,2 mm, contre 4 mm pour les anciens prototypes. MATÉRIEL : PLA - un plastique non toxique et Le HLS Starship est également envisagé comme transport de marchandises vers le sol lunaire dans le cadre du programme CLPS[13]. [33][34][35], In November 2018, the spaceship was renamed Starship, and the first stage booster was named Super Heavy. In 2017, the company settled on a 9-meter diameter design and commenced procuring equipment for vehicle manufacturing operations. [164] The two segments of BN1 were stacked together in the High Bay for the first time on 18 March 2021. It's about time. Elon Musk, le PDG de l'entreprise, espère pouvoir effectuer un premier lancement orbital en juillet 2021, et un atterrissage inhabité sur Mars en 2024[6]. SpaceX se voit ainsi attribuer un budget de 2,89 milliards de dollars pour construire, tester et faire atterrir sur la Lune un prototype de HLS Starship[12]. Ces futurs véhicules devraient résider sur le site de lancement et SpaceX prévoit de s’étendre, selon des documents mis à jour. As of March 2021, SpaceX is conducting atmospheric flights to altitudes of 10 km (33,000 ft) with the Starship prototypes. Le lendemain, une deuxième tentative a lieu. These include the ambient-temperature pressure test, cryogenic proof test, and static fire of the engines. Spaceship: a large, long‑duration spacecraft capable of carrying passengers or cargo to interplanetary destinations. Quelques heures après l'explosion du Starship SN10, une fusée Falcon 9 effectuait d’ailleurs son huitième atterrissage consécutif réussi sur une barge au large de la Floride, après avoir mis en orbite soixante nouveaux satellites de la constellation Starlink. SN11 est le onzième prototype de Starship, et le quatrième de la série d'architecture similaire à celle du SN8. [28][29][30] At the time, the second stage/spacecraft was referred to as "BFS" (Big Falcon Ship or Big Fucking Ship). All test articles have a 9 m (30 ft) diameter stainless steel hull. - SN10 (il y a certaines rumeurs qui prétendent qu'il s'agit du premier prototype de SuperHeavy) est lui aussi différent dans sa structure. The variant will use high‑thrust methox RCS thrusters located mid‑body on Starship HLS during the final "tens of meters" of the terminal lunar descent and landing,[98][99] and will also include a smaller crew area and a much larger cargo bay. Le 25 juillet 2019, SpaceX tente de faire décoller son prototype Starhopper pour un vol test à une altitude de 20 mètres. [116][121] This was not a full‑duration burn but a 22‑second test. Le temps de voyage prévu est de six jours environ[68],[69]. The worksite in Texas was also significantly expanded. [127] On 20 November 2019, the Starship Mk1 was partially destroyed during max pressure tank testing, when the forward LOX tank ruptured along a weld line of the craft's steel structure, propelling the bulkhead several meters upwards. Dans le cas de SN9, un des deux moteurs ne se rallume pas, alors que le moteur restant est insuffisant pour effectuer la manœuvre seul. En 2018, SpaceX a radicalement changé la conception du vaisseau et a opté pour une construction en acier inoxydable cryorésistant[16] (dont la résistance augmente aux basses températures) et pour l'utilisation d'un bouclier thermique constitué de tuiles thermiques hexagonales en céramique. Ceci dit poser des hexagones c'est pas simple car c'est jamais parfaitement régulier en taille et en plus ça se déforme légèrement à la cuisson. Concernant le prix, Elon Musk observe que la fibre de carbone coûte 135 dollars le Kg, contre 3 dollars pour l’acier. [102] The other teams considered were Dynetics, including SNC and other unspecified companies, and the 'National Team'—led by Blue Origin but including Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and Draper. Grossièrement, quatre arguments ont été avancés par Elon Musk pour privilégier l’alliage en acier inoxydable à une structure complexe en fibre de carbone : le coût du matériau au kilo, le faible taux de déchet par rapport à l’ancienne solution, la facilité d’emploi permettant une construction plus rapide et ses propriétés mécaniques lorsque le matériau est traité d’une certaine façon. [152] In August 2020, as the first build of "booster prototype 1" was to get underway,[6] Musk noted that the leg design had been modified to just four landing legs and fins, to improve supersonic engine plume re‑circulation margins. Starhopper was also used to flight test a number of subsystems of Starship to begin to expand the flight envelope of the Starship design. Assemblé dans la HighBay[49], il est transporté sur le pad de lancement A le 8 avril[50],[51]. [60] On 4 August 2020 Starship SN5 completed a 150 meters (490 ft) flight test, landing at an adjacent landing site, thus becoming the first full‑scale prototype to perform a successful flight test. [70]. Hopefully, ready to test in a few days", "Third Starship prototype destroyed in tanking test", "SN2 (with thrust puck) passed cryo pressure and engine thrust load tests late last night", "Starship SN3 failure due to bad commanding. Les points d'amélioration suivants sont les cas les plus fréquents. This will include hexagonal ceramic tiles that will be used on the windward side of Starship. [41] L'atterrissage est brutal (la vitesse au moment du contact avec le sol est estimée à 10m/s), les jambes d'atterrissage sont écrasées et le SN10 rebondit légèrement. [131] The thrust puck serves as both the lower dome of the fuel tank and the mount for the Raptor engines. L’ensemble culminera à 130 mètres … Starship will use three sea‑level optimized Raptor engines and three vacuum‑optimized Raptor engines. [123][124] Planned for high‑altitude and high‑velocity testing,[125] the prototypes were described to be taller than the Starhopper, have thinner skins, and a smoothly curving nose section. After Lunar surface operations, it would ascend using the same Starship HLS vehicle and return the crew to the Orion. Cependant, et contrairement à SN8, la manœuvre de retournement finale juste avant l'atterrissage échoue et SN9 s'écrase de biais sur la zone d'atterrissage dans une violente explosion[39].